Topographical and Anatomic Features of Teeth Root Canals and Apical Foramen in Georgian Population

The knowledge of anatomic-morphological parameters of the root canals is considered as a necessary pre-requisite for providing a successful endodontic treatment. Numerous factors contribute to the variations found in the root canal studies including ethnicity, age, gender, and study design (in vitro versus in vivo). Due to the different anatomical or morphological structure roots,   root canals,  accessory canals, isthmuses, and apical deltas of permanent interest among practitioners.

Two different studies, in different times and methods were conducted.

In one direction, The aim of the study was investigation and evaluation of: tooth length, number of roots and canals, type of configuration, root canal curvature and degree of curvature in Georgian population.

Another research object   was Apical third of the roots, which has not been conducted in Georgia, therefore there is no map of the apical third variations of the tooth canals of Georgian population. The aim of this study was to investigate the single-rooted teeth’s anatomical foramen form, number and topography in Georgian population with a scanning electron microscope.

The  above  mentioned   studies and   results   revealed interesting data and anatomical characteristics, those replicating the racial signs a and differs from the data recorded by the other researchers, became evident. Most of the mandibular central (65,07%) and lateral incisors (62,9%), canines (76.8%) had one canal; Most of maxillary   first  molars  had four canals (82,6%) and majority of the mandibular   first molar had four root canals ( 61%).  We found that 6,9% of mandibular first molars had an additional root located distolingually (Radix Entromolaris) . The most common shape of the anatomical foramen in the population of Georgia was round (54.90%) and oval (39.21%) and the other shapes are found only in 5.88%. 1 anatomical foramen at the apex of the tooth root in 79.41% of cases, and 2 holes or more in 20.58%. The central opening of the apical foramen was described in 50 teeth (49.02%).